The impact of nurse-led foot care education on reducing diabetic foot ulcers in Federal Medical Centre, Katsina State
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Background of the Study: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes, affecting up to 15% of diabetic patients worldwide (Adeoye et al., 2024). DFUs are caused by a combination of factors, including peripheral neuropathy, poor circulation, and compromised immune function in diabetic patients (Mustapha et al., 2023). If left untreated, diabetic foot ulcers can lead to severe infections, amputations, and even death (Aliyu et al., 2023). Preventing DFUs involves proper foot care, including regular monitoring for sores or blisters, maintaining good foot hygiene, wearing appropriate footwear, and managing blood glucose levels (Oluwaseun et al., 2023).
Nurse-led foot care education programs have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of DFUs by increasing patients’ awareness and empowering them to take proactive steps in foot care (Abdullahi & Usman, 2023). In Katsina State, where diabetes prevalence is increasing, nurse-led education may play a crucial role in reducing DFUs and improving patient outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of nurse-led foot care education on the reduction of diabetic foot ulcers at the Federal Medical Centre in Katsina State.
Statement of the Problem: Diabetic foot ulcers remain a major health challenge in Katsina State, contributing to high rates of morbidity among diabetic patients. Many patients lack knowledge on proper foot care, leading to preventable complications. Nurse-led education programs can address these gaps, but there is limited research on their effectiveness in the local context. This study aims to assess the impact of such educational programs on reducing the incidence of DFUs at the Federal Medical Centre.
Objectives of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led foot care education in reducing the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers at the Federal Medical Centre in Katsina State.
- To assess the level of knowledge of diabetic patients about foot care before and after participating in nurse-led education programs.
- To identify barriers to the effective implementation of foot care education in Katsina State.
Research Questions:
- How effective is nurse-led foot care education in reducing the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in the Federal Medical Centre, Katsina State?
- What is the level of knowledge of diabetic patients regarding foot care before and after nurse-led education?
- What barriers affect the implementation of foot care education in Katsina State?
Research Hypotheses:
- Nurse-led foot care education significantly reduces the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Katsina State.
- Patients who receive nurse-led foot care education demonstrate higher levels of knowledge and better self-care practices.
- Socioeconomic factors and lack of resources hinder the successful implementation of foot care education programs in Katsina State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study: This study will focus on diabetic patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Katsina State, evaluating the effects of nurse-led foot care education. Data will be collected through pre- and post-education assessments, patient interviews, and medical records. Limitations include potential biases in patient self-reporting and the generalizability of results to other regions.
Definitions of Terms:
- Diabetic foot ulcers: Open sores or wounds on the feet that develop in patients with diabetes, often due to poor circulation and nerve damage.
- Nurse-led education: Health education programs designed and conducted by nurses to improve patient knowledge and self-care behaviors.
- Foot care education: The teaching of proper hygiene, footwear, and monitoring techniques to prevent and manage diabetic foot ulcers.
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